When the Naval Aircraft Factory developed the PN-12 it found it did not have the capacity to produce it in any quanity. It put out bids to three companies: Keystone, Douglas and Martin to build the aircraft based on the plans provied by the factory. Each company developed its own variation. However, all had the basic characterics. Despite the hull development of braod hulls with straight side by the Boeing Company and Hall Aluminum Aircaft, the specifications came for narrow hulls with large sponsons, just like the Felixstoew F.%L. All of the aircraft had two radial Wright Cyclone engines. However, each aircraft type below came out with definitely different flight characteristics.

The Keystone Aircraft Company would build a total of 18 PK-1 flying boats (Above) based on the Naval Aircraft Factory plans for the PN-12. The K-1 was was an extremely rugged aircraft, but was also a "brute" to fly. Of the trhee, it hwas the only one to have the twin rudder configuration. A total of 18 were delivered with the last PK-1 being retired in July 1938.

The Douglas PD-1, shown in formation aove, had a checkered career. Of the three variants of the PN-12, the PD-1 was considered the easiest and most maneuverable flying boats to fly. It was also the least durable of the three, to the point where the tail would fall off without warning. Despite the proclivity of the structural problems, Douglas delivered a total of 25 to the Navy.

Of the PN-12 variants, the Martin PM-1 had the best combination of the three. It was more rugged than the PK-1, but was easier to fly. A toal of 27 were delivered to the Navy.

The Consloidated XPY-1 design was relatively fast at 138 mph and was the Navy's first monowing aircaft. The top photograph shows the XPY-1 on a test flight while the bottom photograph is a wooden wind tunnel test model of the XPY-1 at 1/20 scale (photo by rlkitterman - Deviant Art). The production version would be underbid by Martin, but cosolidated recouped its development cost with the commecial version called Model 16 Commodore.

The Consolidated Model 16 Commodore was the civilian variant of the XPY-1 Flying Boat. It helped Consolidated recupe its losses for development of the XPY-1 and provide valuable experience for the XP2Y project to come.It would remain in service with Pan Am until 1935.